{"id":470,"date":"2025-08-05T06:22:55","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T06:22:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csesin.ir\/?p=470"},"modified":"2025-08-05T06:51:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T06:51:22","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%87-%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b1-%da%86%da%a9%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%be%d9%87%d9%84%d9%88%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csesin.ir\/?p=470","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc: \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 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\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f (Amanat, 1997). \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06f1\u06f2\u06f8\u06f5\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a (Keddie, 2006). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0686\u0634\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f (Katouzian, 2007).<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a (Kasravi, 1940\u061b \u0622\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f5\u06f5). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062f (Cronin, 2012). \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645\u06cc (Bayat, 2011).<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0634\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f (Abrahamian, 2008). \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f (Zubaida, 2003). \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u200c\u067e\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0627 \u0632\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f (Chehabi, 2018). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f (Ansari, 2003).<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f (Keddie, 1999). \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062f (Dabashi, 2011). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0686\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc. \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8211; \u0622\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646 (\u06f1\u06f3\u06f5\u06f5). *\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631*. \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0622\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8). *Iran Between Two Revolutions*. Princeton University Press.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 (\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f7). *Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah and the Iranian Monarchy*. I.B. Tauris.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u06a9\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u06f1\u06f3\u06f2\u06f0). *\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646*. \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0628\u06cc\u0631.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0632\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u06cc (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f3). *Law and Power in the Islamic World*. I.B. Tauris.<br \/>\n&#8211; Keddie, Nikki R. (1999). *Qajar Iran and the Rise of Reza Khan*. Mage Publishers.<br \/>\n&#8211; Keddie, Nikki R. (2006). *Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution*. Yale University Press.<br \/>\n&#8211; Katouzian, Homa (2007). *State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis*. I.B. Tauris.<br \/>\n&#8211; Cronin, Stephanie (2012). *The Making of Modern Iran: State and Society under Riza Shah*. Routledge.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bayat, Mangol (2011). *Iran\u2019s First Revolution: Shi\u2019ism and the Constitutional Revolution*. Oxford University Press.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chehabi, Houchang E. (2018). *Onomastic Reforms: Family Names and State-Building in Iran*. Harvard University Press.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ansari, Ali M. (2003). *Modern Iran Since 1921: The Pahlavis and After*. Pearson Education.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dabashi, Hamid (2011). *Iran: A People Interrupted*. The New Press.<br \/>\n&#8211; Foran, John (1993). *Fragile Resistance: Social Transformation in Iran from 1500 to the Revolution*. Westview Press.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martin, Vanessa (2005). *The Qajar Pact: Bargaining, Protest and the State in Nineteenth-Century Persia*. I.B. Tauris.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc: \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631 (\u06f1\u06f2\u06f7\u06f5\u2013\u06f1\u06f2\u06f8\u06f5)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-29"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - 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